System

dictionary-term

Alternative Forms

A system is any set of related and discrete hardware, software, data, data processing operation regarded as a coherent whole. It may

, information, organizational processes, procedures, and human activities

The following terms are near synonymous but may be used with the following nuances.

An Application Program is a system that derives its coherence from its capability to fulfill some functional requirements.
An Information Security Domain is a system that comprises authorities, entities, identities, and authorizations that constitute a community of interest.
The term Information System used with the definite article the is used to designate the overall system of an organization, i.e. the super system that encompasses all the IT systems owned or managed by that organization.
The term Information System used with the indefinite article an focuses on how information flows throughout the system makes it a consistent whole.
IT System focuses on the IT components of the system, i.e. hardware, software, data, and data processing.
The term System is the most generic and should be preferred when referring to both IT (hardware, software, data, data processing) and non-IT (information, procedures, human activities) components

Butterfield et al., 2016, System entry

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OMB A-130, 1996, §6

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ESD-TR-73-278, Vol. 1, 1973, p. 1

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